Most of the time when using HTML and CSS we are simply drawing flat rectangles, rounded rectangles, or circles within 2D space. CSS Transforms allow us to alter the shape, position, rotation, and scale of html elements within both 2D and 3D space. When combined with CSS transitions, transforms can really enhance the user experience although that topic will require its own post.
New in the world of web layouts is the CSS3 "Flexible Box Layout Module" known as Flexbox. It is so new in fact that at the time of writing this post it is still just a W3C Recommendation and is still in flux with different browsers implementing things a little differently. That being said, it actually has been around since 2009 although the syntax was different. The most recent version of the module seems to be fairly stable with solid support among the latest versions of all major browsers.
Up until a couple of months ago I had no idea that there was even such a thing as an inline SVG. Once I found out I realized that I need to learn more about them. First off SVG stands for "Scalable Vector Graphics" which literally means just what it says. It's simply an image format containing XML code that describes vector graphics which can be resized large or small without affecting quality.
I've often found myself in a position where I want to add a simple text glow effect to some text when hovering over a link. Before CSS3 the only way this was possible was to use some sort of image replacement technique or something.